Translation Termbases

Terminology

Excel-shaped termbases for source terms, target terms, notes, and examples.

天文学汉英术语表 30 terms

Source: Chinese Targets: English
Source English Note Examples
1 恒星月 sidereal month sidereal 英音/saɪ'dɪəriəl/，美音/saɪ'dɪriəl/，表示 related to the stars that are far away, not the sun or planets，来自拉丁语 sīdus，其属格为 sīderis，表示 star, group of stars, constellation。
  1. The method relies on the relatively quick movement of the moon across the background sky, completing a circuit of 360 degrees in 27.3 days (the sidereal month), or 13.2 degrees per day. / 这种方法依赖月球在天空中相对于背景的快速运动，只需要27.3天（一个恒星月）就可以完成一圈360度的移动，相当于一天运动13.2度。
2 潮汐锁定 tidal locking
  1. Since the Moon always presents the same face to Earth as the result of "tidal locking", direct communication links with devices on the lunar surface can be maintained continuously. / 由于"潮汐锁定"的作用，月球总是以同一个侧面对着地球，这样，设立在月球表面的通信设施就可以与地球保持不间断的直接联系。
3 月相 moon phaselunar phasephase of the Moon
  1. Only its far end can be seen protruding from the outer edge of the moon phase sky background. / 只能看到它的远端从月相天空背景的外缘突出。
  2. Watch enthusiasts can learn more about lunar phase indicator mechanism by clicking on the link below. / 腕表爱好者可单击下面的链接来了解更多有关月相显示装置的信息。
  3. On only a few summer nights each year, and triggered by a particular phase of the moon, the corals spawn. / 每年只有几个夏夜，在月相达到特定阶段时，珊瑚才会产卵。
4 朔望月 lunar monthsynodic month
  1. After observing the lunar month, the ancients found that the moon always waxes and wanes roughly 12 times a year, and two lunar months account for about 60 days. / 古人观测朔望月，发现月亮圆缺12次大体上就是一年的天数，而两个朔望月约为60天。
  2. The Chinese Calendar is a lunisolar calendar based on the tropical year and the synodic month. / 中国农历属于阴阳合历，基于回归年和朔望月。
5 角距 angular distance
  1. (astronomy) the angular distance to a point on a celestial object measured north or south from the celestial equator; expressed in degrees; used with right ascension to specify positions on the celestial sphere. / （天文学）从天球赤道向北或向南测量的、到天体上某一点的角距，以度为单位；与赤经结合使用，用于确定天球上的位置。
6 朔月 new moon 朔月是朔日当天的月相，朔日是农历初一。此处存在朔月与新月是否能共同对应英文 new moon 的问题。根据现代汉语词典（第7版），朔月指“朔日的月相（人看不见），也叫新月”，但同时，该词典在“新月”词条下则有两种解释。其一为“农历月初形状如钩的月亮”，其二将其与朔月等同。因此，“新月”一词本身就存在歧义。再看英文语境。根据 NASA 官网对月相的描述，英文中的 new moon 为：the invisible phase of the Moon, with the illuminated side of the Moon facing the Sun and the night side facing Earth. In this phase, the Moon is in the same part of the sky as the Sun and rises and sets with the Sun. 而 waxing crescent 则是 This silver sliver of a Moon occurs when the illuminated half of the Moon faces mostly away from Earth, with only a tiny portion visible to us from our planet。可以得出，new moon 专指日月同行，月球不可见的月相，而 waxing crescent（lit. 渐增的月牙）更符合月球离日东行，露出少许月牙的状态。再考虑《天文学新概论》（第五版）中是将朔月与新月相区分开的，因此此处将 new moon 对应朔月，将 waxing crescent 对应新月。
  1. Such eclipses occur when a new moon passes in front of the sun. / 这样的日食发生朔月在太阳前面经过的时候。
7 新月 waxing crescent moon 有的 MT 系统会将 waxing crescent 一词翻译为“上弦月”，这是错误的，因为上弦月专指日月角距为 90° 的情况。
  1. If your sky is clear, you might celebrate this equinox by going outside after sunset and glimpsing the waxing crescent moon to the west (or right) of the star Antares. / 在春分或秋分时，如果你所处的地区天气晴朗，你可以在太阳落山后，于心大星的西方（或右侧）看到一轮新月。
8 上弦月 first quarter moon
  1. Fishermen use the first quarter moon as a guide for tide changes. / 渔民会利用上弦月来判断潮汐变化的时机。
9 上凸月盈凸月 waxing gibbous moon
  1. There's a bright star right next to tonight's waxing gibbous moon. / 今夜会有一颗明亮的星星陪伴着夜空中的上凸月。
10 望月满月 full moon
  1. Astronomy clubs often hold night viewings on nights with a full moon. / 天文爱好者协会常会在有满月的夜晚组织观测活动。
11 下凸月亏凸月 waning gibbous moon
  1. The waning gibbous moon rises over your southeastern horizon at mid to late evening tonight. / 午夜过后，那轮下凸月将从东南方地平线升起。
12 下弦月 last quarter moon
  1. The sky had by this time cleared somewhat and the crescent appeared, the gloomy crescent of the last quarter of the moon.那个时候的天空有些亮了起来，月牙也露了出来，是阴沉的下弦月。
13 残月 waning crescent moon
  1. Observers noted these dates line-up with the 'waning crescent moon ritual dates,' dates that recently made headlines as members of the occult claimed they would perform ceremonies to rid Donald Trump each time the event occurs. / 旁观者注意到， 这些日期与“残月仪式的日期”一致， 而这些日期最近登上了头条新闻， 因为神秘仪式成员宣称， 每次出现重大事件的时候， 他们都会举行仪式来摆脱唐纳德·特朗普。
14 星等 magnitude
  1. Astronomers use magnitude to compare brightness of stars. / 天文学家用“星等”来比较恒星的亮度大小。
15 视星等 apparent magnitude
  1. The white dwarf cannot be seen directly, but is estimated to have an apparent magnitude of 13.2. / 这个白矮星不能被直接看到，但是估计它的视星等为13.2。
16 绝对星等 absolute magnitude
  1. There, he and his colleagues ascertained the spectral type, absolute magnitude, and stellar distance of over 5,000 stars. / 在那里，他和同事们确定了5000多颗恒星的光谱类型、绝对星等以及距离。
17 天球 celestial sphere
  1. Astronomers define the zodiac as a key guide through the celestial sphere. / 天文学家把黄道带视为在天球上导航的关键参考带。
18 地平坐标系 horizontal coordinate system
  1. The horizontal coordinate system is a celestial coordinate system that uses the observer's local horizon as the fundamental plane to define two angles of a spherical coordinate system: altitude and azimuth. / 地平坐标系属于天球坐标系的一种，以观测者所在地的地平线为基本平面，并定义了球面坐标系上的两种角：高度和方位角。
19 高度 altitude 简称 Alt。
20 方位角 azimuth 英音和美音均为 /'æzɪməθ/，简称 Az。
21 天顶 zenith
  1. It felt as if we had traveled from nadir to zenith. / 感觉上我们好像已从天底走到了天顶。
22 天底 nadir 英音 /ˈneɪ.dɪər/，美音 /ˈneɪ.dɚ/，属于 formal，通俗意义为 ①the worst moment, or the moment of least hope and least achievement；②the point at which something is at its lowest value or level，中文通常对应“最低谷，最低点”。常用搭配 ①the nadir of sth、reach a nadir；②at its nadir。
  1. It felt as if we had traveled from nadir to zenith. / 感觉上我们好像已从天底走到了天顶。
  2. The relationship between the two companies reached a nadir after the security crisis last year. / 经历了去年的安全危机，这两家企业之间的关系跌到了最低谷。
  3. At its nadir in the mid-1980s, the pound was almost at parity with the dollar. / 20世纪80年代中期，英镑汇率跌至谷底，几乎与美元持平。
23 赤道坐标系 equatorial coordinate system
  1. In astronomy, declination (abbreviated dec; symbol δ) is one of the two angles that locate a point on the celestial sphere in the equatorial coordinate system, the other being right ascension. / 在天文学中，赤纬（缩写为dec；符号为δ）是赤道坐标系在天球上的两个坐标数据之一，用于对一个点进行定位，另一个坐标数据是赤经。
24 赤纬 declination 简称 Dec。
25 赤经 right ascension 简称 RA。
26 天极 celestial pole 分为北天极 North Celestial Pole（NCP）和南天极 South Celestial Pole（SCP）。
  1. Polaris is famous as the North Pole Star, a friend to navigators and astrophotographers alike, but it's not located exactly at the North Celestial Pole (NCP) either. / 北极星以其乃北极之星而闻名，是导航员和天体照相学家们的好朋友，不过它其实并不是正对着北天极（NCP）。
27 时角 hour angle 简称 HA。
28 黄道坐标系 ecliptic coordinate system
29 地心黄道坐标系 Earth-centered ecliptic coordinate system
30 日心黄道坐标系 Solar ecliptic coordinate system 简称 SE。